TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. RESEARCH SCOPE & METHODOLOGY
1.1. STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.2. METHODOLOGY
1.3. ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
2.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
2.3. SCOPE OF STUDY
2.4. CRISIS SCENARIO ANALYSIS
2.4.1. IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
2.5. MAJOR MARKET FINDINGS
2.5.1. GROWING INVESTOR INTEREST IN HALAL FOODS AND BEVERAGES
2.5.2. INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY
3. MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1. KEY DRIVERS
3.1.1. CHANGING USER DEMOGRAPHIC WORLDWIDE
3.1.2. GROWING AWARENESS REGARDING HALAL FOODS AMONG NON-MUSLIMS
3.1.3. LAUNCH OF HALAL FOOD OPTIONS BY GIANT FOOD CHAINS
3.2. KEY RESTRAINTS
3.2.1. GRUELING IMPLEMENTATION OF HALAL STANDARDS THROUGHOUT THE VALUE CHAIN
3.2.2. MISLABELING
3.2.3. IMBALANCE BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY
4. KEY ANALYTICS
4.1. KEY MARKET TRENDS
4.2. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
4.2.1. BUYERS POWER
4.2.2. SUPPLIERS POWER
4.2.3. SUBSTITUTION
4.2.4. NEW ENTRANTS
4.2.5. INDUSTRY RIVALRY
4.3. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING
4.3.1. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR UNITED STATES
4.3.2. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR FRANCE
4.3.3. GROWTH PROSPECT MAPPING FOR INDONESIA
4.3.4. GROWTH MAPPING PROSPECT FOR TURKEY
4.4. MARKET MATURITY ANALYSIS
4.5. MARKET CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS
4.6. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
5. MARKET BY USER DEMOGRAPHIC
5.1. MUSLIM
5.2. NON-MUSLIM
6. MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE
6.1. HALAL FOOD
6.1.1. HALAL MEAT PRODUCTS
6.1.2. HALAL DAIRY PRODUCTS
6.1.3. HALAL GRAIN PRODUCTS
6.1.4. HALAL BAKERY & CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
6.1.5. OTHER HALAL FOODS
6.2. HALAL BEVERAGE
6.3. HALAL SUPPLEMENT
7. MARKET BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
7.1. CONVENIENCE STORE
7.2. SPECIALTY STORE
7.3. SUPERMARKET & HYPERMARKET
7.4. ONLINE STORE
7.5. OTHER DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
8. GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
8.1. NORTH AMERICA
8.1.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
8.1.2. NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET DRIVERS
8.1.3. NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET CHALLENGES
8.1.4. NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
8.1.5. KEY PLAYERS IN NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
8.1.6. COUNTRY ANALYSIS
8.1.6.1. UNITED STATES
8.1.6.1.1. UNITED STATES HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.1.6.2. CANADA
8.1.6.2.1. CANADA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2. EUROPE
8.2.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
8.2.2. EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET DRIVERS
8.2.3. EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET CHALLENGES
8.2.4. KEY PLAYERS IN EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
8.2.5. COUNTRY ANALYSIS
8.2.5.1. UNITED KINGDOM
8.2.5.1.1. UNITED KINGDOM HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.2. GERMANY
8.2.5.2.1. GERMANY HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.3. FRANCE
8.2.5.3.1. FRANCE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.4. ITALY
8.2.5.4.1. ITALY HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.5. SPAIN
8.2.5.5.1. SPAIN HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.6. THE NETHERLANDS
8.2.5.6.1. THE NETHERLANDS HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.7. POLAND
8.2.5.7.1. POLAND HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.2.5.8. REST OF EUROPE
8.2.5.8.1. REST OF EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3. ASIA-PACIFIC
8.3.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
8.3.2. ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET DRIVERS
8.3.3. ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET CHALLENGES
8.3.4. ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
8.3.5. KEY PLAYERS IN ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
8.3.6. COUNTRY ANALYSIS
8.3.6.1. CHINA
8.3.6.1.1. CHINA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.2. JAPAN
8.3.6.2.1. JAPAN HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.3. INDIA
8.3.6.3.1. INDIA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.4. SOUTH KOREA
8.3.6.4.1. SOUTH KOREA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.5. INDONESIA
8.3.6.5.1. INDONESIA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.6. THAILAND
8.3.6.6.1. THAILAND HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.7. MALAYSIA
8.3.6.7.1. MALAYSIA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.8. AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND
8.3.6.8.1. AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.3.6.9. REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
8.3.6.9.1. REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.4. REST OF WORLD
8.4.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
8.4.2. REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET DRIVERS
8.4.3. REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET CHALLENGES
8.4.4. REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
8.4.5. KEY PLAYERS IN REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
8.4.6. REGIONAL ANALYSIS
8.4.6.1. LATIN AMERICA
8.4.6.1.1. LATIN AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET SIZE & OPPORTUNITIES
8.4.6.2. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
8.4.6.2.1. MARKET SIZE & ESTIMATES
8.4.6.2.2. COUNTRY ANALYSIS
8.4.6.2.2.1. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
8.4.6.2.2.2. SAUDI ARABIA
8.4.6.2.2.3. TURKEY
8.4.6.2.2.4. EGYPT
8.4.6.2.2.5. SOUTH AFRICA
8.4.6.2.2.6. REST OF MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
9. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.1. KEY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
9.1.1. MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
9.1.2. PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
9.1.3. PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
9.2. COMPANY PROFILES
9.2.1. AL ISLAMI FOODS
9.2.1.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.1.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.1.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.2. AMERICAN FOODS GROUP LLC
9.2.2.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.2.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.2.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.3. BILAL GROUP
9.2.3.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.3.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.3.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.4. BRF SA
9.2.4.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.4.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.4.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.5. CARGILL INCORPORATED
9.2.5.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.5.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.5.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.6. CARREFOUR
9.2.6.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.6.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.6.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.7. CRESCENT FOODS
9.2.7.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.7.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.7.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.8. ISLA DÉLICE
9.2.8.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.8.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.8.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.9. MIDAMAR
9.2.9.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.9.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.10. NESTLÉ SA
9.2.10.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.10.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.10.3. STRENGTHS & CHALLENGES
9.2.11. ONE WORLD FOODS
9.2.11.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.11.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.12. PRIMABAGUZ SDN BHD
9.2.12.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.12.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.13. SAFFRON ROAD
9.2.13.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.13.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.14. TAHIRA FOODS LIMITED
9.2.14.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.14.2. PRODUCT LIST
9.2.15. TARIQ HALAL MEATS
9.2.15.1. COMPANY OVERVIEW
9.2.15.2. PRODUCT LIST
TABLE 2: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY USER DEMOGRAPHIC, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 3: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY USER DEMOGRAPHIC, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 4: GLOBAL MUSLIM MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 5: GLOBAL MUSLIM MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 6: GLOBAL NON-MUSLIM MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 7: GLOBAL NON-MUSLIM MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 8: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 9: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 10: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 11: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 12: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY HALAL FOOD, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 13: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY HALAL FOOD, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 14: GLOBAL HALAL MEAT PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 15: GLOBAL HALAL MEAT PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 16: GLOBAL HALAL DAIRY PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 17: GLOBAL HALAL DAIRY PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 18: GLOBAL HALAL GRAIN PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 19: GLOBAL HALAL GRAIN PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 20: GLOBAL HALAL BAKERY & CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 21: GLOBAL HALAL BAKERY & CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 22: GLOBAL OTHER HALAL FOODS MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 23: GLOBAL OTHER HALAL FOODS MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 24: GLOBAL HALAL BEVERAGE MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 25: GLOBAL HALAL BEVERAGE MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 26: GLOBAL HALAL SUPPLEMENT MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 27: GLOBAL HALAL SUPPLEMENT MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 28: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 29: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 30: GLOBAL CONVENIENCE STORE MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 31: GLOBAL CONVENIENCE STORE MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 32: GLOBAL SPECIALTY STORE MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 33: GLOBAL SPECIALTY STORE MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 34: GLOBAL SUPERMARKET & HYPERMARKET MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 35: GLOBAL SUPERMARKET & HYPERMARKET MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 36: GLOBAL ONLINE STORE MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 37: GLOBAL ONLINE STORE MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 38: GLOBAL OTHER DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 39: GLOBAL OTHER DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 40: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 41: GLOBAL HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 42: NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 43: NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 44: NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
TABLE 45: KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN NORTH AMERICA HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
TABLE 46: EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 47: EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 48: KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN EUROPE HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
TABLE 49: ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 50: ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 51: ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
TABLE 52: KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN ASIA-PACIFIC HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
TABLE 53: REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 54: REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 55: REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
TABLE 56: KEY PLAYERS OPERATING IN REST OF WORLD HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET
TABLE 57: MIDDLE EAST HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY REGION, HISTORICAL YEARS, 2018-2022 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 58: MIDDLE EAST HALAL FOOD & BEVERAGE MARKET, BY REGION, FORECAST YEARS, 2023-2032 (IN $ BILLION)
TABLE 59: LIST OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
TABLE 60: LIST OF PRODUCT LAUNCHES & DEVELOPMENTS
TABLE 61: LIST OF PARTNERSHIPS & AGREEMENTS
| ※参考情報 ハラール食品及び飲料は、イスラム法に基づいて許可されている食材や飲料のことを指します。ハラールという言葉自体は「許可された」という意味を持ち、イスラム教徒が摂取することができるものとして認識されています。一方で、ハラールとは反対の概念としてハラームがあり、これは禁じられたものを指します。ハラール食品の基準は、主にクルアーンやハディースの教えによって定義されており、これには動物の屠殺方法や成分、製造過程などが含まれます。 ハラール食品及び飲料には、いくつかの種類があります。まず、肉類に関しては、牛、羊、鶏、七面鳥などが対象となりますが、これらの動物はイスラムの方法で屠殺される必要があります。この屠殺方法は「ザビー」が用いられ、動物が痛みを和らげる形で行われることが求められます。また、豚肉は幾らイスラム教徒にとっても厳格に禁じられた食品です。 また、乳製品や卵もハラールのカテゴリーに入りますが、これらの成分がハラールであることを確認するためには、製造過程や添加物にも注意が必要です。たとえば、ゼラチンや乳化剤など、使用されている原材料がハラールかどうかを確認することが求められます。さらに、飲料に関しても、アルコールは禁止されているため、アルコールを含まない飲料がハラール食品として認められます。具体的には、ジュース、炭酸飲料、ハーブティーなどが該当します。 ハラール食品の用途は多岐にわたります。イスラム教徒にとって、食事の選択は信仰と直結しているため、ハラールに準拠している食品を選ぶことは重要です。また、ハラール認証を受けた食品は、イスラム教徒だけでなく、多文化共生が進む現代社会において、様々な人々に受け入れられています。健康志向の高まりや、倫理的消費の観点からも、ハラール食品は注目を浴びています。たとえば、ハラール基準を満たす製品は、動物愛護や環境保護の観点から消費者にアピールできるため、市場での競争力を高めています。 関連技術としては、ハラール食品のトレーサビリティが重要視されています。製品の生産から消費に至るまでの全過程を追跡し、ハラール基準に沿っているかを確認するためのシステムが求められています。これは、消費者の信頼を得るためにも不可欠です。さらに、ハラール認証機関や団体が増えてきており、これらの機関は厳格な基準のもと、製品の認証を行っています。これにより、食品メーカーはハラール市場にアクセスしやすくなり、新たなビジネスチャンスを得ることができるのです。 また、ハラール食品の製造過程において、衛生管理や品質管理も重要です。これらの管理が不十分な場合、意図せずハラールでない成分が混入するリスクが高まります。このため、製造工場や流通経路の監視が必要不可欠です。最近では、ハラール関連の技術やサービスの進化により、より効率的な管理が可能となっています。 最後に、ハラール食品市場は急成長を遂げており、その背景にはグローバル化や多文化社会の進展があります。さまざまな国や地域で、ハラール食品が求められるようになり、ビジネスの機会が広がっています。これにより、企業はハラール基準を満たすための取り組みを強化し、市場のニーズに応えていく必要があります。 以上のように、ハラール食品及び飲料は、イスラム法に基づく特定の基準に従った食品であり、その定義、種類、用途、関連技術は多岐にわたります。市場の成長とともに、今後もその重要性は増していくことでしょう。 |
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