1	INTRODUCTION	23
1.1	OBJECTIVES	23
1.2	MARKET DEFINITION	24
1.2.1	ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS/TERMS	24
1.3	INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS	25
1.4	MARKET SCOPE	26
FIGURE 1	MARKET SEGMENTATION: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET	26
1.4.1	YEARS CONSIDERED	27
1.5	CURRENCY	27
1.6	SUMMARY OF CHANGES	27
1.7	LIMITATIONS	28
1.8	STAKEHOLDERS	28
2	RESEARCH METHODOLOGY	29
2.1	RESEARCH DATA	29
FIGURE 2	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN	29
FIGURE 3	RESEARCH DESIGN MODEL	30
2.2	SECONDARY DATA	31
2.2.1	KEY SECONDARY SOURCES	31
2.2.2	KEY DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES	31
2.2.3	PRIMARY DATA	32
FIGURE 4	BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS	32
2.2.4	SAMPLING TECHNIQUES & DATA COLLECTION METHODS	33
2.2.5	PRIMARY PARTICIPANTS	33
2.3	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION	33
2.3.1	BOTTOM-UP APPROACH	33
FIGURE 5	BOTTOM-UP APPROACH: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET	34
2.3.2	TOP-DOWN APPROACH	34
FIGURE 6	TOP-DOWN APPROACH: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET	34
2.4	MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION	35
FIGURE 7	DATA TRIANGULATION	35
2.5	FACTOR ANALYSIS	36
2.5.1	REGIONAL ECONOMY IMPACT ANALYSIS	36
2.5.2	FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR MARKET SIZING: DEMAND- AND SUPPLY-SIDE	37
2.6	ASSUMPTIONS AND RISK ASSESSMENT	37
2.7	RESEARCH LIMITATIONS	39
3	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	40
3.1	REPORT SUMMARY	40
FIGURE 8	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET OUTLOOK	41
FIGURE 9	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION	42
4	PREMIUM INSIGHTS	43
4.1	ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARKET PLAYERS	43
FIGURE 10	INCREASING SMART CITY INITIATIVES WORLDWIDE TO DRIVE MARKET	43
4.2	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SOLUTION TYPE	43
FIGURE 11	TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	43
4.3	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE	44
FIGURE 12	RIDE HAILING SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	44
4.4	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY APPLICATION TYPE	44
FIGURE 13	JOURNEY PLANNING TO HOLD LARGEST MARKET SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD	44
4.5	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE	45
FIGURE 14	FOUR-WHEELERS TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	45
4.6	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY OPERATING SYSTEM	45
FIGURE 15	ANDROID TO BE FASTEST-GROWING SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD	45
4.7	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL	46
FIGURE 16	BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS SEGMENT TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD	46
4.8	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY TRANSPORTATION TYPE	46
FIGURE 17	PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION TO COMMAND LARGER SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD	46
4.9	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION	47
FIGURE 18	ASIA PACIFIC ANTICIPATED TO BE LARGEST MARKET BY 2030	47
5	MARKET OVERVIEW	48
5.1	INTRODUCTION	48
5.2	MARKET DYNAMICS	48
FIGURE 19	DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES: MAAS MARKET	48
5.2.1	DRIVERS	48
5.2.1.1	Increasing smart city initiatives	48
TABLE 1	UPCOMING RAIL PROJECTS, BY COUNTRY	49
5.2.1.2	Improvements in 4G/5G infrastructure and penetration of smartphones	50
FIGURE 20	GLOBAL INTERNET USAGE, 2010–2023 (BILLION)	50
5.2.1.3	Need to reduce CO2 emissions	50
FIGURE 21	COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF TRANSPORT IN TERMS OF CO2 FOOTPRINT	51
5.2.2	RESTRAINTS	52
5.2.2.1	Rising post-pandemic demand for car rentals/station-based mobility	52
FIGURE 22	GLOBAL CAR SHARING & CAR RENTAL MARKET, 2020-2027	52
5.2.2.2	Lack of infrastructure to scale MaaS applications	52
5.2.3	OPPORTUNITIES	53
5.2.3.1	Increasing use of autonomous cars and electric vehicles	53
FIGURE 23	ELECTRIC VEHICLE SALES, 2019―2027	53
5.2.3.2	Use of big data to refine MaaS offerings	54
5.2.3.3	Inclusion of on-demand ferry and freight services	54
5.2.4	CHALLENGES	55
5.2.4.1	Integration of public and private stakeholders	55
5.2.4.2	Limited connectivity in developing countries	55
5.2.4.3	Difficulty in integrating ticketing and payment systems	56
5.3	TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING MAAS MARKET	56
5.4	ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS	56
FIGURE 24	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE ECOSYSTEM	56
5.5	TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS	57
5.5.1	MONTHLY SUBSCRIPTION PLANS	57
5.5.2	IMPACT OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION ON MAAS	57
FIGURE 25	MULTIMODAL MOBILITY PLATFORM	58
5.5.3	IMPACT OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ON MAAS	58
5.5.4	FIRST MILE & LAST MILE SOLUTIONS	59
5.6	REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND CHALLENGES	60
TABLE 2	KEY REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF MAAS	60
5.6.1	MARKET ACCESS & INTEGRATION BARRIERS	60
5.6.2	SALES CHANNEL RESTRICTIONS & PAYMENT INTEGRATION	60
5.6.3	UNDEFINED PRINCIPLES FOR DATA SHARING & ACCESS	61
5.7	AVERAGE JOURNEY COST	61
TABLE 3	JOURNEY PLANNING AVERAGE COST 2022	61
5.8	PATENT ANALYSIS	61
5.9	CASE STUDY ANALYSIS	64
5.9.1	MOBILLEO	64
5.9.2	CONDUENT	65
5.10	KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2023―2024	66
5.10.1	BUYING CRITERIA	67
FIGURE 26	KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TRANSPORTATION TYPES IN MAAS MARKET	67
TABLE 4	KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TRANSPORTATION TYPES IN MAAS MARKET	67
6	RECOMMENDATIONS BY MARKETSANDMARKETS	68
6.1	FOCUS ON SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES TO ENSURE RAPID REVENUE GROWTH FOR MAAS PLAYERS	68
6.1.1	IMPORTANT REGULATIONS AND ACCREDITATION FOR MAAS DEVELOPMENT	68
6.1.2	UI DEVELOPERS SHOULD ENSURE BETTER INTEGRATION OF STAKEHOLDERS	69
6.1.3	SERVICE PROVIDERS SHOULD PRIORITIZE PERSONALIZATION	69
6.2	CONCLUSION	69
7	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE	70
7.1	INTRODUCTION	71
7.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	71
FIGURE 27	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	72
TABLE 5	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	72
TABLE 6	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	72
7.2	RIDE HAILING	73
7.2.1	E-HAILING TO DRIVE DEMAND	73
TABLE 7	E-HAILING: TOP PLAYERS	73
TABLE 8	RIDE HAILING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	73
TABLE 9	RIDE HAILING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	74
7.2.2	CAR SHARING	74
7.2.2.1	Presence of top service providers in Europe to boost market	74
TABLE 10	CAR SHARING – TOP PLAYERS	74
TABLE 11	CAR SHARING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	75
TABLE 12	CAR SHARING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	75
7.2.3	MICROMOBILITY	75
7.2.3.1	Need for last mile connectivity to drive demand	75
TABLE 13	MICROMOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	76
TABLE 14	MICROMOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	76
7.2.4	BUS SHARING	76
7.2.4.1	Growing use of bus rapid transit systems in Europe to boost segment	76
TABLE 15	BUS SHARING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	77
TABLE 16	BUS SHARING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	77
7.2.5	TRAIN SERVICES	77
7.2.5.1	Increasing network of high-speed trains to fuel segment growth	77
TABLE 17	TRAIN SERVICES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	78
TABLE 18	TRAIN SERVICES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	78
 
8	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL	79
8.1	INTRODUCTION	80
8.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	80
FIGURE 28	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	80
TABLE 19	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	81
TABLE 20	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	81
8.2	BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS	82
8.2.1	EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA TO BE KEY MARKETS	82
TABLE 21	BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	82
TABLE 22	BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	82
8.3	BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER	83
8.3.1	ASIA PACIFIC REGION TO DOMINATE MARKET	83
TABLE 23	BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	83
TABLE 24	BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	83
8.4	PEER-TO-PEER	84
8.4.1	REST OF THE WORLD TO BE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET	84
TABLE 25	PEER-TO-PEER: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	84
TABLE 26	PEER-TO-PEER: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	84
9	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SOLUTION TYPE	85
9.1	INTRODUCTION	86
9.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	86
FIGURE 29	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SOLUTION TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	86
TABLE 27	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SOLUTION TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	87
TABLE 28	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SOLUTION TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	87
9.2	TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS	88
9.2.1	BIG DATA, IOT, AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES TO DRIVE SEGMENT	88
TABLE 29	TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	88
TABLE 30	TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	88
9.3	PAYMENT ENGINES	89
9.3.1	ASIA PACIFIC TO LEAD SEGMENT THROUGH FORECAST PERIOD	89
TABLE 31	PAYMENT ENGINES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	89
TABLE 32	PAYMENT ENGINES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	89
9.4	NAVIGATION SOLUTIONS	90
9.4.1	REAL-TIME DATA AND ROUTE PLANNING FEATURES TO BOOST DEMAND	90
TABLE 33	NAVIGATION SOLUTIONS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	90
TABLE 34	NAVIGATION SOLUTIONS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	90
9.5	TELECOM CONNECTIVITY PROVIDERS	91
9.5.1	5G INFRASTRUCTURE IN ASIA PACIFIC TO BOOST MARKET	91
TABLE 35	TELECOM CONNECTIVITY PROVIDERS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	91
TABLE 36	TELECOM CONNECTIVITY PROVIDERS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	91
9.6	TICKETING SOLUTIONS	92
9.6.1	INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC TICKETING TO DRIVE MARKET	92
TABLE 37	TICKETING SOLUTIONS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	92
TABLE 38	TICKETING SOLUTIONS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	92
9.7	INSURANCE SERVICES	93
9.7.1	INCREASING INTEGRATION OF VEHICLES TO DRIVE SEGMENT	93
TABLE 39	INSURANCE SERVICES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	93
TABLE 40	INSURANCE SERVICES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	93
10	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY TRANSPORTATION TYPE	94
10.1	INTRODUCTION	95
10.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	95
FIGURE 30	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	95
TABLE 41	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	96
TABLE 42	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	96
10.2	PRIVATE	96
10.2.1	GROWING DEMAND FOR PERSONAL MOBILITY OPTIONS TO DRIVE SEGMENT	96
TABLE 43	PRIVATE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	96
TABLE 44	PRIVATE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	97
10.3	PUBLIC	97
10.3.1	HIGH COST OF VEHICLE OWNERSHIP TO INCREASE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT	97
TABLE 45	PUBLIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	97
TABLE 46	PUBLIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	98
11	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY APPLICATION TYPE	99
11.1	INTRODUCTION	100
11.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	100
FIGURE 31	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	100
TABLE 47	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	101
TABLE 48	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	101
11.2	PERSONALIZED APPLICATION SERVICES	102
11.2.1	MULTIPLE CUSTOMIZED FEATURES TO DRIVE SEGMENT GROWTH	102
TABLE 49	PERSONALIZED APPLICATION SERVICES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	102
TABLE 50	PERSONALIZED APPLICATION SERVICES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	102
11.3	JOURNEY MANAGEMENT	103
11.3.1	EXPECTED TO BE FASTEST-GROWING SEGMENT DURING FORECAST PERIOD	103
TABLE 51	JOURNEY MANAGEMENT: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	103
TABLE 52	JOURNEY MANAGEMENT: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	103
11.4	JOURNEY PLANNING	104
11.4.1	AVAILABILITY OF REAL-TIME DATA TO DRIVE SEGMENT	104
TABLE 53	JOURNEY PLANNING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	104
TABLE 54	JOURNEY PLANNING: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	104
11.5	FLEXIBLE PAYMENTS & TRANSACTIONS	105
11.5.1	USER-FRIENDLY PAYMENT OPTIONS TO BOOST SEGMENT	105
TABLE 55	FLEXIBLE PAYMENTS & TRANSACTIONS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	105
TABLE 56	FLEXIBLE PAYMENTS & TRANSACTIONS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	105
12	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE	106
12.1	INTRODUCTION	107
12.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	107
FIGURE 32	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	108
TABLE 57	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	108
TABLE 58	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	108
12.2	BUSES	109
12.2.1	RISING FUEL PRICES TO DRIVE USE OF BUSES	109
TABLE 59	BUSES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	109
TABLE 60	BUSES: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	109
12.3	FOUR-WHEELERS	110
12.3.1	RISING DEMAND FOR RIDE HAILING AND CAR SHARING TO BOOST SEGMENT	110
TABLE 61	FOUR-WHEELERS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	110
TABLE 62	FOUR-WHEELERS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	110
12.4	MICROMOBILITY	111
12.4.1	SUITABILITY TO LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY TO DRIVE MARKET	111
TABLE 63	MICROMOBILITY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	111
TABLE 64	MICROMOBILITY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	111
12.5	TRAINS	112
12.5.1	INVESTMENT IN MONORAILS AND METROS TO BOOST SEGMENT	112
TABLE 65	TRAINS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	112
TABLE 66	TRAINS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	112
13	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PROPULSION TYPE	113
13.1	INTRODUCTION	114
13.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	114
FIGURE 33	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	114
TABLE 67	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	115
TABLE 68	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	115
13.2	ICE	116
13.2.1	PHASING OUT OF FOSSIL FUELS TO REDUCE MARKET SHARE	116
TABLE 69	ICE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	116
TABLE 70	ICE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	116
13.3	EV	117
13.3.1	HIGHER ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO DRIVE SEGMENT	117
TABLE 71	EV: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	117
TABLE 72	EV: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	117
13.4	PHEV	118
13.4.1	EXPECTED TO EASE TRANSITION FROM ICE TO EV	118
TABLE 73	PHEV: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	118
TABLE 74	PHEV: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	118
14	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY OPERATING SYSTEM	119
14.1	INTRODUCTION	120
14.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	120
FIGURE 34	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY OPERATING SYSTEM, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	120
TABLE 75	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY OPERATING SYSTEM, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	121
TABLE 76	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY OPERATING SYSTEM, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	121
14.2	ANDROID	122
14.2.1	SEGMENT TO DOMINATE GLOBAL MARKET THROUGH FORECAST PERIOD	122
TABLE 77	ANDROID: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	122
TABLE 78	ANDROID: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	122
14.3	IOS	123
14.3.1	EXPECTED TO DOMINATE IN NORTH AMERICA THROUGH FORECAST PERIOD	123
TABLE 79	IOS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	123
TABLE 80	IOS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	123
14.4	OTHER OS	124
14.4.1	NEGLIGIBLE MARKET SHARE EXPECTED DURING FORECAST PERIOD	124
TABLE 81	OTHER OS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	124
TABLE 82	OTHER OS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	124
15	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY MODE	125
15.1	INTRODUCTION	126
15.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	126
FIGURE 35	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY MODE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	126
TABLE 83	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE, BY MODE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	126
TABLE 84	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY MODE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	127
15.2	PRIVATE	127
15.2.1	INTRODUCTION OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES TO IMPACT SEGMENT GROWTH	127
TABLE 85	PRIVATE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	127
TABLE 86	PRIVATE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	128
15.3	PUBLIC	128
15.3.1	ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ELECTRIFICATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES TO DRIVE MARKET	128
TABLE 87	PUBLIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	128
TABLE 88	PUBLIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	129
16	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT & TRANSPORTATION TYPE	130
16.1	INTRODUCTION	131
16.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	131
FIGURE 36	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	131
TABLE 89	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	132
TABLE 90	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	132
16.2	SUBSCRIPTION	132
16.2.1	GROWING USE BY DAILY COMMUTERS TO DRIVE DEMAND	132
TABLE 91	SUBSCRIPTION: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT & TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	133
TABLE 92	SUBSCRIPTION: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT & TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	133
16.3	PAY-AS-YOU-GO	133
16.3.1	TOURISTS AND OCCASIONAL COMMUTERS TO DRIVE SEGMENT	133
TABLE 93	PAY-AS-YOU-GO: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT & TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	133
TABLE 94	PAY-AS-YOU-GO: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY PAYMENT & TRANSPORTATION TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	134
17	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COMMUTE TYPE	135
17.1	INTRODUCTION	136
17.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	136
FIGURE 37	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COMMUTE TYPE, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	136
TABLE 95	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COMMUTE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	136
TABLE 96	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COMMUTE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	137
17.2	DAILY	137
17.2.1	NEW SUBSCRIPTION PACKAGES TO ATTRACT DAILY COMMUTERS	137
TABLE 97	DAILY COMMUTE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	137
TABLE 98	DAILY COMMUTE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	137
17.3	LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY	138
17.3.1	EXPANDING E-COMMERCE TO DRIVE GROWTH OF SEGMENT	138
TABLE 99	LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY COMMUTE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	138
TABLE 100	LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY COMMUTE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	138
17.4	OCCASIONAL	139
17.4.1	B2C BUSINESS MODEL TO DRIVE SEGMENT OWING TO FALLING VEHICLE OWNERSHIP	139
TABLE 101	OCCASIONAL COMMUTE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	139
TABLE 102	OCCASIONAL COMMUTE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY BUSINESS MODEL, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	139
18	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION	140
18.1	INTRODUCTION	141
18.1.1	INDUSTRY INSIGHTS	141
FIGURE 38	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	141
TABLE 103	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	142
TABLE 104	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY REGION, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	142
18.2	ASIA PACIFIC	142
FIGURE 39	ASIA PACIFIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET SNAPSHOT	143
TABLE 105	ASIA PACIFIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	144
TABLE 106	ASIA PACIFIC: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	144
18.2.1	CHINA	145
18.2.1.1	Large EV market to drive demand for MaaS	145
TABLE 107	CHINA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	145
TABLE 108	CHINA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	145
18.2.2	JAPAN	146
18.2.2.1	Local MaaS players to boost market	146
TABLE 109	JAPAN: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	146
TABLE 110	JAPAN: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	146
18.2.3	SINGAPORE	147
18.2.3.1	Increasing government focus on clean transportation to drive market	147
TABLE 111	SINGAPORE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	147
TABLE 112	SINGAPORE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	147
18.2.4	AUSTRALIA	148
18.2.4.1	MaaS partnerships and agreements to be key to market success	148
TABLE 113	AUSTRALIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	148
TABLE 114	AUSTRALIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	148
18.2.5	INDONESIA	149
18.2.5.1	New public transport system in Jakarta to propel demand	149
TABLE 115	INDONESIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	149
TABLE 116	INDONESIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	149
18.2.6	INDIA	150
18.2.6.1	Significant opportunities for MaaS market in near future	150
TABLE 117	INDIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	150
TABLE 118	INDIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	150
18.3	EUROPE	151
FIGURE 40	EUROPE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET SNAPSHOT	151
TABLE 119	EUROPE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	152
TABLE 120	EUROPE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	152
18.3.1	FINLAND	153
18.3.1.1	Government initiatives to drive market	153
TABLE 121	FINLAND: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	153
TABLE 122	FINLAND: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	153
18.3.2	GERMANY	154
18.3.2.1	Presence of major automotive OEMs to boost market	154
TABLE 123	GERMANY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	154
TABLE 124	GERMANY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	154
18.3.3	FRANCE	155
18.3.3.1	Government initiatives to bolster market	155
TABLE 125	FRANCE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	155
TABLE 126	FRANCE: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	155
18.3.4	UK	156
18.3.4.1	Investment in smart transportation to boost market	156
TABLE 127	UK: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	156
TABLE 128	UK: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	156
18.3.5	SPAIN	157
18.3.5.1	Efficient mobility infrastructure to support market	157
TABLE 129	SPAIN: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	157
TABLE 130	SPAIN: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	157
18.3.6	NETHERLANDS	158
18.3.6.1	Ride hailing segment to drive demand	158
TABLE 131	NETHERLANDS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	158
TABLE 132	NETHERLANDS: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	158
18.3.7	ITALY	159
18.3.7.1	Increasing use of shared mobility services in cities to drive demand	159
TABLE 133	ITALY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	159
TABLE 134	ITALY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	159
18.3.8	RUSSIA	160
18.3.8.1	Government initiatives to boost market	160
TABLE 135	RUSSIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	160
TABLE 136	RUSSIA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	160
18.3.9	TURKEY	161
18.3.9.1	Demand for smart mobility to create market opportunities	161
TABLE 137	TURKEY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	161
TABLE 138	TURKEY: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	161
18.4	NORTH AMERICA	162
FIGURE 41	NORTH AMERICA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	162
TABLE 139	NORTH AMERICA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	162
TABLE 140	NORTH AMERICA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	163
18.4.1	US	163
18.4.1.1	Presence of industry leaders to drive market	163
TABLE 141	US: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	163
TABLE 142	US: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	164
18.4.2	CANADA	164
18.4.2.1	High adoption of innovative technologies to propel market	164
TABLE 143	CANADA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	164
TABLE 144	CANADA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	165
18.4.3	MEXICO	165
18.4.3.1	Need to reduce traffic congestion and pollution to boost demand for MaaS	165
TABLE 145	MEXICO: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	165
TABLE 146	MEXICO: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	166
18.5	REST OF THE WORLD	166
FIGURE 42	REST OF THE WORLD: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, 2022 VS. 2030 (USD MILLION)	166
TABLE 147	REST OF THE WORLD: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	167
TABLE 148	REST OF THE WORLD: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	167
18.5.1	BRAZIL	167
18.5.1.1	Growing popularity of ride sharing services to impact market	167
TABLE 149	BRAZIL: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	167
TABLE 150	BRAZIL: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	168
18.5.2	SOUTH AFRICA	168
18.5.2.1	Emergence of local ride hailing companies to drive demand	168
TABLE 151	SOUTH AFRICA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2020–2025 (USD MILLION)	168
TABLE 152	SOUTH AFRICA: MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE, 2026–2030 (USD MILLION)	169
19	COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE	170
19.1	OVERVIEW	170
19.2	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022	170
TABLE 153	MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022	170
FIGURE 43	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022	170
19.3	COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT	171
19.3.1	STARS	171
19.3.2	EMERGING LEADERS	171
19.3.3	PERVASIVE PLAYERS	172
19.3.4	PARTICIPANTS	172
19.3.5	COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING–MAAS PROVIDERS	172
FIGURE 44	COMPETITIVE EVALUATION MATRIX (MOBILITY AS A SERVICE PROVIDERS), 2022	172
19.4	COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING – MAAS SMES	173
FIGURE 45	COMPETITIVE EVALUATION MATRIX (MOBILITY AS A SERVICE SMES), 2022	173
FIGURE 46	COMPANIES ADOPTED NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS AND EXPANSIONS AS KEY GROWTH STRATEGIES, 2019–2022	174
19.5	COMPETITIVE SCENARIO	175
19.5.1	PRODUCT LAUNCHES	175
TABLE 154	PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2019–2022	175
19.5.2	DEALS	177
TABLE 155	DEALS, 2019–2022	177
19.5.3	OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, 2019–2022	181
TABLE 156	OTHER DEVELOPMENTS, 2019–2022	181
19.6	RIGHT TO WIN	181
TABLE 157	COMPANIES ADOPTED NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS, PARTNERSHIPS, AND SUPPLY CONTRACTS AS KEY GROWTH STRATEGIES DURING 2019–2022	181
19.7	COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING	182
TABLE 158	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET: KEY START-UPS/SMES	182
TABLE 159	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY PLAYERS	183
20	COMPANY PROFILES	184
(Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View)*
20.1	KEY PLAYERS	184
20.1.1	CITYMAPPER	184
TABLE 160	CITYMAPPER: OVERVIEW	184
TABLE 161	CITYMAPPER: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	184
20.1.2	MAAS GLOBAL	186
TABLE 162	MAAS GLOBAL: OVERVIEW	186
TABLE 163	MAAS GLOBAL: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	186
TABLE 164	MAAS GLOBAL: EXPANSIONS	187
TABLE 165	MAAS GLOBAL: DEALS	187
20.1.3	MOOVIT	189
TABLE 166	MOOVIT: OVERVIEW	189
TABLE 167	MOOVIT: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	189
TABLE 168	MOOVIT: DEALS	190
20.1.4	FOD MOBILITY UK LTD.	192
TABLE 169	FOD MOBILITY UK LTD.: OVERVIEW	192
TABLE 170	FOD MOBILITY UK LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	192
TABLE 171	FOD MOBILITY UK LTD.: DEALS	193
20.1.5	SKEDGO	194
TABLE 172	SKEDGO: OVERVIEW	194
TABLE 173	SKEDGO: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	194
TABLE 174	SKEDGO: DEALS	195
20.1.6	UBIGO	197
TABLE 175	UBIGO: OVERVIEW	197
TABLE 176	UBIGO: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	197
TABLE 177	UBIGO: EXPANSIONS	197
20.1.7	SPLYT TECHNOLOGIES	198
TABLE 178	SPLYT TECHNOLOGIES: OVERVIEW	198
TABLE 179	SPLYT TECHNOLOGIES: DEALS	198
20.1.8	COMMUNAUTO	200
TABLE 180	COMMUNAUTO: OVERVIEW	200
TABLE 181	COMMUNAUTO: DEALS	200
20.1.9	QIXXIT	201
TABLE 182	QIXXIT: OVERVIEW	201
TABLE 183	QIXXIT: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	201
TABLE 184	QIXXIT: DEALS	201
20.1.10	TRANZER	202
TABLE 185	TRANZER: OVERVIEW	202
TABLE 186	TRANZER: DEALS	202
*Details on Business overview, Products offered, Recent developments & MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
20.2	OTHER KEY PLAYERS	203
20.2.1	MOOVEL GROUP	203
TABLE 187	MOOVEL GROUP: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	203
20.2.2	SMILE MOBILITY	203
TABLE 188	SMILE MOBILITY: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	203
20.2.3	SHARE NOW GMBH	204
TABLE 189	SHARE NOW GMBH: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	204
20.2.4	VELOCIA INC.	204
TABLE 190	VELOCIA INC.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	204
20.2.5	UBER	205
TABLE 191	UBER: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	205
20.2.6	LYFT	205
TABLE 192	LYFT: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	205
20.2.7	DIDI CHUXING	206
TABLE 193	DIDI CHUXING: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	206
20.2.8	GRAB HOLDINGS INC.	206
TABLE 194	GRAB HOLDINGS INC.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	206
20.2.9	MOBILITYX PTE LTD.	207
TABLE 195	MOBILITYX PTE LTD.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	207
20.2.10	BRIDJ	207
TABLE 196	BRIDJ: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	207
20.2.11	ANI TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD (OLA)	208
TABLE 197	ANI TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD (OLA): BUSINESS OVERVIEW	208
20.2.12	MOBILITY TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD	208
TABLE 198	MOBILITY TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	208
20.2.13	WIWIGO	209
TABLE 199	WIWIGO: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	209
20.2.14	EASY TAXI	209
TABLE 200	EASY TAXI: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	209
20.2.15	VIA TRANSPORTATION INC.	210
TABLE 201	VIA TRANSPORTATION INC.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW	210
21	APPENDIX	211
21.1	KEY INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS	211
21.2	DISCUSSION GUIDE	211
21.3	KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL	215
21.4	CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS	217
21.4.1	MOBILITY AS A SERVICE MARKET, BY CITY	217
21.4.1.1	Helsinki	217
21.4.1.2	Rome	217
21.4.1.3	Paris	217
21.4.1.4	Los Angeles	217
21.4.1.5	Hanover	217
21.4.1.6	Berlin	217
21.4.1.7	Sydney	217
21.5	RELATED REPORTS	217
21.6	AUTHOR DETAILS	218
❖ 免責事項 ❖
http://www.globalresearch.jp/disclaimer



 
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			