1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Viscosupplementation Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Viscosupplementation Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Viscosupplementation Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Viscosupplementation Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Viscosupplementation Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Viscosupplementation Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Viscosupplementation Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Viscosupplementation Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Viscosupplementation Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Viscosupplementation Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Viscosupplementation Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Viscosupplementation Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Viscosupplementation Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Viscosupplementation Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Viscosupplementation Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Single Injection
4.1.3 Three Injection
4.1.4 Five Injection
4.2 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Hospitals
5.1.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centres
5.1.4 Orthopaedic Clinics
5.2 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Viscosupplementation Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Anika Therapeutics
7.1.1 Anika Therapeutics Company Summary
7.1.2 Anika Therapeutics Business Overview
7.1.3 Anika Therapeutics Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Anika Therapeutics Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Anika Therapeutics Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Sanofi
7.2.1 Sanofi Company Summary
7.2.2 Sanofi Business Overview
7.2.3 Sanofi Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Sanofi Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Sanofi Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Zimmer Biomet
7.3.1 Zimmer Biomet Company Summary
7.3.2 Zimmer Biomet Business Overview
7.3.3 Zimmer Biomet Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Zimmer Biomet Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Zimmer Biomet Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Meda
7.4.1 Meda Company Summary
7.4.2 Meda Business Overview
7.4.3 Meda Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Meda Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Meda Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Ferring
7.5.1 Ferring Company Summary
7.5.2 Ferring Business Overview
7.5.3 Ferring Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Ferring Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Ferring Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Fidia Pharmaceutici
7.6.1 Fidia Pharmaceutici Company Summary
7.6.2 Fidia Pharmaceutici Business Overview
7.6.3 Fidia Pharmaceutici Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Fidia Pharmaceutici Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Fidia Pharmaceutici Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Bioventus
7.7.1 Bioventus Company Summary
7.7.2 Bioventus Business Overview
7.7.3 Bioventus Viscosupplementation Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Bioventus Viscosupplementation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Bioventus Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Viscosupplementation Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Viscosupplementation Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Viscosupplementation Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Viscosupplementation Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Viscosupplementation Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Viscosupplementation Industry Value Chain
10.2 Viscosupplementation Upstream Market
10.3 Viscosupplementation Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Viscosupplementation Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Viscosupplementation in Global Market
Table 2. Top Viscosupplementation Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Viscosupplementation Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Viscosupplementation Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Viscosupplementation Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Viscosupplementation Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Viscosupplementation Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Viscosupplementation Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Viscosupplementation Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Anika Therapeutics Company Summary
Table 47. Anika Therapeutics Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 48. Anika Therapeutics Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Anika Therapeutics Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Sanofi Company Summary
Table 51. Sanofi Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 52. Sanofi Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Sanofi Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Zimmer Biomet Company Summary
Table 55. Zimmer Biomet Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 56. Zimmer Biomet Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Zimmer Biomet Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Meda Company Summary
Table 59. Meda Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 60. Meda Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Meda Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Ferring Company Summary
Table 63. Ferring Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 64. Ferring Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Ferring Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Fidia Pharmaceutici Company Summary
Table 67. Fidia Pharmaceutici Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 68. Fidia Pharmaceutici Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Fidia Pharmaceutici Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Bioventus Company Summary
Table 71. Bioventus Viscosupplementation Product Offerings
Table 72. Bioventus Viscosupplementation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Bioventus Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Viscosupplementation Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 75. Global Viscosupplementation Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 76. Global Viscosupplementation Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 77. Global Viscosupplementation Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 78. Viscosupplementation Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 79. Viscosupplementation Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 80. Viscosupplementation Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 81. Viscosupplementation Raw Materials
Table 82. Viscosupplementation Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 83. Typical Viscosupplementation Downstream
Table 84. Viscosupplementation Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 85. Viscosupplementation Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Viscosupplementation Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Viscosupplementation Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Viscosupplementation Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Viscosupplementation Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Viscosupplementation Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Viscosupplementation Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Viscosupplementation Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Viscosupplementation Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Viscosupplementation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Viscosupplementation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Viscosupplementation Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Viscosupplementation by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Viscosupplementation Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
※参考情報 関節内補充療法(Viscosupplementation)は、主に変形性関節症(OA)や関節の痛みの緩和を目的とした治療法です。関節内に特定の薬剤、通常はヒアルロン酸を注入することで、関節液の粘性を高め、クッション効果を持たせることを目的としています。ヒアルロン酸は体内にも存在する naturally occurring substance であり、関節液の主要成分となっています。この療法は、1970年代から使用され始め、特に膝関節における治療が多く行われています。以下に、関節内補充療法の概念を詳述いたします。 関節内補充療法の定義は、主に関節の痛みや硬直を軽減するために、関節内に補充物を注入する治療法といえます。この治療法は、特に変形性関節症患者に対して効果的とされています。ヒアルロン酸は、関節の潤滑剤としての役割を果たし、関節面の摩擦を軽減し、クッション機能を提供します。 関節内補充療法の特徴としては、痛みの緩和だけでなく、運動機能の改善をもたらす点が挙げられます。また、ヒアルロン酸は関節の健康を支える成分であり、関節軟骨の保護や修復に寄与することが知られています。そのため、この治療法は、症状の緩和だけでなく、関節の寿命を延ばす効果も期待されています。 関節内補充療法の種類にはいくつかのバリエーションがありますが、主なものとしては以下のようなものがあります。一般的に使用されるのは、単回注射型と連続注射型のヒアルロン酸製剤です。単回注射型は、1回の注射で効果を発揮し、複数回注射することもありますが、連続注射型は数回にわたって定期的に注射することで、より持続的な効果を狙います。 用途については、主に膝関節において行われることが多いですが、他の関節、例えば肩や足首、指関節などにも応用されることがあります。臨床においては、変形性関節症の患者に加え、外傷後の関節痛や、リウマチに伴う関節の痛みに対しても利用されることがあります。特に、従来の治療法で十分な改善が見られない患者に対して、選択肢として有効です。 関連技術としては、関節内補充療法と併用されるその他の治療法があります。例えば、運動療法や理学療法、または薬物療法との組み合わせによって、より効果的な治療が期待できることが多いです。また、関節内補充療法の導入に伴って、関節鏡下手術や関節乾燥術などの技術が進化してきました。 このような関節内補充療法は、一般的に安全性が高い治療法とされていますが、注入時における感染症やアレルギー反応が懸念される場合があります。そのため、適切な診断と治療の計画が重要です。また、効果の持続期間には個人差があり、治療効果が得られない場合もありますが、それでも多くの患者が満足する結果を得ています。 近年では、関節内補充療法の研究が進み、新しい治療法や製剤の開発が進められています。例えば、従来のヒアルロン酸に加え、幹細胞や成長因子を利用した治療法も報告されており、これらの革新的なアプローチは今後の治療の可能性を広げています。 結論として、関節内補充療法は、変形性関節症患者において、関節の痛みや動きに影響を与える重要な治療法の一つです。今後の研究によって、さらなる効果的な選択肢が提供されることが期待されます。患者さんにとっては、痛みの軽減や生活の質の向上を目指すために、有用な治療法として位置づけられるでしょう。関節内補充療法は、医療現場においても注目され続け、多くの患者に恩恵をもたらすことが期待されています。 |
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