1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Post Etch Residue Remover Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Post Etch Residue Remover Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Post Etch Residue Remover Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Post Etch Residue Remover Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Post Etch Residue Remover Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Post Etch Residue Remover Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Post Etch Residue Remover Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Post Etch Residue Remover Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Aqueous Type
4.1.3 Semi-aqueous Type
4.2 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Single Wafer
5.1.3 Batch Immersion
5.1.4 Batch Spray Tool
5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 DuPont
7.1.1 DuPont Company Summary
7.1.2 DuPont Business Overview
7.1.3 DuPont Post Etch Residue Remover Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 DuPont Post Etch Residue Remover Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 DuPont Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Technic
7.2.1 Technic Company Summary
7.2.2 Technic Business Overview
7.2.3 Technic Post Etch Residue Remover Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Technic Post Etch Residue Remover Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Technic Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Versum Materials
7.3.1 Versum Materials Company Summary
7.3.2 Versum Materials Business Overview
7.3.3 Versum Materials Post Etch Residue Remover Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Versum Materials Post Etch Residue Remover Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Versum Materials Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Kanto Chemical
7.4.1 Kanto Chemical Company Summary
7.4.2 Kanto Chemical Business Overview
7.4.3 Kanto Chemical Post Etch Residue Remover Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Kanto Chemical Post Etch Residue Remover Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Kanto Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Post Etch Residue Remover Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Post Etch Residue Remover Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Post Etch Residue Remover Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Post Etch Residue Remover Industry Value Chain
10.2 Post Etch Residue Remover Upstream Market
10.3 Post Etch Residue Remover Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Post Etch Residue Remover Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Post Etch Residue Remover in Global Market
Table 2. Top Post Etch Residue Remover Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales by Companies, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Post Etch Residue Remover Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Post Etch Residue Remover Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Post Etch Residue Remover Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Post Etch Residue Remover Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Sales, (Kiloton), 2024-2029
Table 46. DuPont Company Summary
Table 47. DuPont Post Etch Residue Remover Product Offerings
Table 48. DuPont Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 49. DuPont Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Technic Company Summary
Table 51. Technic Post Etch Residue Remover Product Offerings
Table 52. Technic Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Technic Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Versum Materials Company Summary
Table 55. Versum Materials Post Etch Residue Remover Product Offerings
Table 56. Versum Materials Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Versum Materials Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Kanto Chemical Company Summary
Table 59. Kanto Chemical Post Etch Residue Remover Product Offerings
Table 60. Kanto Chemical Post Etch Residue Remover Sales (Kiloton), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Kanto Chemical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Post Etch Residue Remover Production Capacity (Kiloton) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Kiloton)
Table 63. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 64. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Kiloton)
Table 65. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Production by Region, 2024-2029 (Kiloton)
Table 66. Post Etch Residue Remover Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 67. Post Etch Residue Remover Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 68. Post Etch Residue Remover Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 69. Post Etch Residue Remover Raw Materials
Table 70. Post Etch Residue Remover Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 71. Typical Post Etch Residue Remover Downstream
Table 72. Post Etch Residue Remover Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 73. Post Etch Residue Remover Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Post Etch Residue Remover Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Post Etch Residue Remover Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Post Etch Residue Remover Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (Kiloton)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Price (US$/Ton), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Post Etch Residue Remover Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Post Etch Residue Remover Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Post Etch Residue Remover Production Capacity (Kiloton), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Post Etch Residue Remover by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Post Etch Residue Remover Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
| ※参考情報 エッチング後残留物除去剤（Post Etch Residue Remover）とは、半導体製造プロセスや精密加工において、エッチングの工程後に残る不純物や反応生成物を除去するための専用化学剤を指します。このような残留物は、後続のプロセスに悪影響を及ぼす可能性があるため、その除去は非常に重要です。以下では、エッチング後残留物除去剤の定義、特徴、種類、用途、関連技術について詳述いたします。 エッチングは、半導体製造や微細加工技術において、材料の一部を選択的に除去するために広く用いられています。この過程において、酸化膜やポリマーなどの残留物が発生することがあります。これらの残留物は、トランジスタや配線構造などの非常に微細なデバイスにおいて、電気的特性や製造品質に悪影響を及ぼす恐れがあります。このため、エッチング後のクリーニングは必須となります。 エッチング後残留物除去剤は、これらの残留物を効果的に除去するために設計されています。除去剤の多くは、特定の化学組成を持ち、特にエッチングプロセスで使用された薬剤や材料に対して選択的に反応します。これにより、他の重要な材料や構造を損なうことなく、残留物のみをターゲットにした除去が可能になります。 特徴としては、まず、除去剤の化学的特性が挙げられます。多くの除去剤は強い溶解能力を有しており、特定の残留物に対して優れた効果を発揮します。また、残留物を高効率で取り除くために、温度や反応時間を調整することができる製品もあります。これにより、プロセス全体のスループットを向上させることが可能です。 エッチング後残留物除去剤の種類としては、主に以下のものがあります。酸性タイプ、アルカリ性タイプ、溶剤ベースタイプ、そして特定のポリマーや酸化物を対象とした専用除去剤などです。酸性タイプは、多くの場合、酸化シリコンや酸化膜を除去するために使用されます。アルカリ性タイプは、酸化物や有機成分の除去に適しています。溶剤ベースの除去剤は、有機残留物やポリマーの除去に特に効果的です。 用途としては、半導体製造だけでなく、MEMS（Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems）や光学デバイス、さらには電子機器の製造プロセスでも広く利用されています。具体的には、フォトリソグラフィー工程後の残留ポリマーや、イオンエッチング後の残留物の除去など、多岐にわたります。 関連技術としては、エッチング自体のプロセス改善や、新しい材料の開発、さらには洗浄技術の進歩があります。例えば、ナノテクノロジーの進展により、より微細な構造への対応が求められ、エッチング後残留物除去剤もその対応を進化させています。また、環境問題への配慮から、より少ない廃棄物を生成するような製品の開発も進行中です。これにより、サステイナブルな製造プロセスへの貢献が期待されます。 さらに、プラズマクリーニングや超音波洗浄技術といった物理的手法との組み合わせにより、より効果的な残留物除去が実現されることが多くなっています。これにより、化学剤の使用を最小限に抑えつつ、効率的な洗浄プロセスを導入できるようになります。 エッチング後残留物除去剤は、半導体産業の発展に伴い、その重要性が増しています。特にマイクロエレクトロニクス分野では、デバイスの微細化が進む中で、残留物の除去が品質保証の鍵となっています。今後の発展としては、より高い選択性や、低環境負荷の材料の開発が期待されています。また、AI技術を活用したプロセスの最適化や新たな洗浄技術との統合も進むでしょう。 いずれにせよ、エッチング後残留物除去剤は、半導体デバイスの製造プロセスにおいて欠かせない要素であり、その発展は業界全体の品質向上と効率化に寄与しています。製品の性能を最大限に引き出すためには、適切な除去剤の選定とその使用方法が重要であり、今後も技術革新と新しいアプローチが求められる分野です。 |
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