1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Electrical Transition Joints Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Electrical Transition Joints Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Electrical Transition Joints Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Electrical Transition Joints Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Electrical Transition Joints Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Electrical Transition Joints Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Electrical Transition Joints Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Electrical Transition Joints Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Electrical Transition Joints Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Electrical Transition Joints Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Aluminium/Titanium/Steel Type
4.1.3 Other
4.2 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Metal Refining
5.1.3 Salt Electrolyzer
5.1.4 Chemical Plant
5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Electrical Transition Joints Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 NobelClad
7.1.1 NobelClad Company Summary
7.1.2 NobelClad Business Overview
7.1.3 NobelClad Electrical Transition Joints Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 NobelClad Electrical Transition Joints Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 NobelClad Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Aasahi Kasei
7.2.1 Aasahi Kasei Company Summary
7.2.2 Aasahi Kasei Business Overview
7.2.3 Aasahi Kasei Electrical Transition Joints Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Aasahi Kasei Electrical Transition Joints Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Aasahi Kasei Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Hunan Phohom New Material Technology
7.3.1 Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Company Summary
7.3.2 Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Business Overview
7.3.3 Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Electrical Transition Joints Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Electrical Transition Joints Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Lovink Enertech
7.4.1 Lovink Enertech Company Summary
7.4.2 Lovink Enertech Business Overview
7.4.3 Lovink Enertech Electrical Transition Joints Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Lovink Enertech Electrical Transition Joints Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Lovink Enertech Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 T&R Clad
7.5.1 T&R Clad Company Summary
7.5.2 T&R Clad Business Overview
7.5.3 T&R Clad Electrical Transition Joints Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 T&R Clad Electrical Transition Joints Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 T&R Clad Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Electrical Transition Joints Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Electrical Transition Joints Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Electrical Transition Joints Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Electrical Transition Joints Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Electrical Transition Joints Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Electrical Transition Joints Industry Value Chain
10.2 Electrical Transition Joints Upstream Market
10.3 Electrical Transition Joints Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Electrical Transition Joints Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Electrical Transition Joints in Global Market
Table 2. Top Electrical Transition Joints Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Electrical Transition Joints Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Electrical Transition Joints Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Electrical Transition Joints Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Electrical Transition Joints Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. NobelClad Company Summary
Table 47. NobelClad Electrical Transition Joints Product Offerings
Table 48. NobelClad Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. NobelClad Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Aasahi Kasei Company Summary
Table 51. Aasahi Kasei Electrical Transition Joints Product Offerings
Table 52. Aasahi Kasei Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Aasahi Kasei Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Company Summary
Table 55. Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Electrical Transition Joints Product Offerings
Table 56. Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Hunan Phohom New Material Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Lovink Enertech Company Summary
Table 59. Lovink Enertech Electrical Transition Joints Product Offerings
Table 60. Lovink Enertech Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Lovink Enertech Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. T&R Clad Company Summary
Table 63. T&R Clad Electrical Transition Joints Product Offerings
Table 64. T&R Clad Electrical Transition Joints Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. T&R Clad Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Electrical Transition Joints Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 67. Global Electrical Transition Joints Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 68. Global Electrical Transition Joints Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 69. Global Electrical Transition Joints Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 70. Electrical Transition Joints Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 71. Electrical Transition Joints Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 72. Electrical Transition Joints Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 73. Electrical Transition Joints Raw Materials
Table 74. Electrical Transition Joints Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 75. Typical Electrical Transition Joints Downstream
Table 76. Electrical Transition Joints Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 77. Electrical Transition Joints Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Electrical Transition Joints Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Electrical Transition Joints Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Electrical Transition Joints Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Electrical Transition Joints Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Electrical Transition Joints Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Electrical Transition Joints Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Electrical Transition Joints Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Electrical Transition Joints Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Electrical Transition Joints Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Electrical Transition Joints Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Electrical Transition Joints by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Electrical Transition Joints Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
※参考情報 電気トランジション継手は、異なる導体や伝送媒体間で電気信号を効果的に伝達するための構造部品です。特に、電気トランジション継手は、異なる材料や技術の間で電気的接続を実現するために設計されています。そのため、特に複数の技術や材料が混在する場面で重要な役割を果たします。この概念について、定義、特徴、種類、用途、関連技術などを詳しく見ていきます。 電気トランジション継手の定義は、主に異なる電気的特性を有する二つの導体を接続し、信号の損失を最小限に抑えて円滑な通信を可能にする部品です。この継手は、異なる導体材料やインピーダンスを持つケーブル間での接続に使用され、電気信号を伝達する際の反射や損失を抑えるための工夫が施されています。 この継手の特徴は、主に以下の点に求められます。まず、接触抵抗は低く保つ必要があります。同時に、導体間での電気信号の整合性を保持するための設計が求められます。また、耐久性や環境耐性も重要で、様々な環境条件下でも信号の伝達能力を失わないように考慮されています。これに加え、コンパクトな設計が求められることも多く、限られたスペース内での取扱いやすさも考慮されます。 電気トランジション継手の種類は、大きく分けていくつかのカテゴリに分類されます。一般的な分類としては、接続する材料の違いや用途に基づくものが考えられます。たとえば、金属と光ファイバーを接続するトランジション継手や、異なるインピーダンスを持つ銅線間の継手、さらにはミリ波帯域での信号伝送に特化した継手などがあります。これらの継手は、それぞれ異なる要求に応じて設計され、用途に応じた特性を持っています。 電気トランジション継手の用途は多岐にわたります。主な用途としては、通信分野でのデータ信号の伝播や、電力伝送システムにおける電力供給の改善が挙げられます。また、自動車や航空宇宙、医療機器などの精密機器においても、この継手は不可欠な要素です。これらの分野では、様々な環境条件での耐久性や信号品質が求められるため、電気トランジション継手は重要な役割を果たしています。 関連技術としては、トランジション継手の研究にはさまざまな技術が関与しています。例えば、微細加工技術や材料科学、信号処理技術などが挙げられます。微細加工技術は、高精度な接続を実現するために必要不可欠で、導体間の接触面を最適化することで、信号の反射を最小限に抑えることが可能となります。また、材料科学の進展は、新しい合金や複合材料の開発に寄与し、より良い機能を持つ継手を生み出す基礎となります。さらに、信号処理技術は、トランジション継手を通過する信号の品質を保つために重要な要素です。 最近では、IoT(Internet of Things)や5G通信技術の普及に伴い、電気トランジション継手の重要性はさらに増しています。これらの新しい通信技術では、異なるデバイス間での無線通信やデータ転送が求められ、一層複雑になるため、効果的な接続技術が必要です。将来的には、さらなる技術革新が期待されており、それに伴い電気トランジション継手も進化していくことでしょう。 以上のように、電気トランジション継手は、電気信号の伝達を円滑に行うために欠かせない重要な部品です。異なる材料や技術間での接続を可能にし、様々な分野での応用を促進する役割を担っています。今後も、この技術の進展は期待され、より高度な機能を持つ新しい電気トランジション継手の開発が進むことでしょう。 |
❖ 免責事項 ❖
http://www.globalresearch.jp/disclaimer