1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Master Cylinder Actuation Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Master Cylinder Actuation Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Master Cylinder Actuation Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Master Cylinder Actuation Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Master Cylinder Actuation Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Master Cylinder Actuation Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Master Cylinder Actuation Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Master Cylinder Actuation Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Hydraulic Type
4.1.3 Air Type
4.1.4 Mechanical Type
4.2 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 OEM
5.1.3 Aftermarket
5.2 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country – North America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country – North America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country – Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country – Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region – Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region – Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country – South America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country – South America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country – Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country – Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Veoneer-Nissin Inc
7.1.1 Veoneer-Nissin Inc Company Summary
7.1.2 Veoneer-Nissin Inc Business Overview
7.1.3 Veoneer-Nissin Inc Master Cylinder Actuation Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Veoneer-Nissin Inc Master Cylinder Actuation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Veoneer-Nissin Inc Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 ZF Friedrichshafen
7.2.1 ZF Friedrichshafen Company Summary
7.2.2 ZF Friedrichshafen Business Overview
7.2.3 ZF Friedrichshafen Master Cylinder Actuation Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 ZF Friedrichshafen Master Cylinder Actuation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 ZF Friedrichshafen Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Advics Co
7.3.1 Advics Co Company Summary
7.3.2 Advics Co Business Overview
7.3.3 Advics Co Master Cylinder Actuation Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Advics Co Master Cylinder Actuation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Advics Co Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 MICO
7.4.1 MICO Company Summary
7.4.2 MICO Business Overview
7.4.3 MICO Master Cylinder Actuation Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 MICO Master Cylinder Actuation Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 MICO Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Master Cylinder Actuation Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Master Cylinder Actuation Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Master Cylinder Actuation Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Master Cylinder Actuation Industry Value Chain
10.2 Master Cylinder Actuation Upstream Market
10.3 Master Cylinder Actuation Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Master Cylinder Actuation Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Key Players of Master Cylinder Actuation in Global Market
Table 2. Top Master Cylinder Actuation Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Master Cylinder Actuation Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Master Cylinder Actuation Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Master Cylinder Actuation Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Master Cylinder Actuation Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region – Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Veoneer-Nissin Inc Company Summary
Table 47. Veoneer-Nissin Inc Master Cylinder Actuation Product Offerings
Table 48. Veoneer-Nissin Inc Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Veoneer-Nissin Inc Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. ZF Friedrichshafen Company Summary
Table 51. ZF Friedrichshafen Master Cylinder Actuation Product Offerings
Table 52. ZF Friedrichshafen Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. ZF Friedrichshafen Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Advics Co Company Summary
Table 55. Advics Co Master Cylinder Actuation Product Offerings
Table 56. Advics Co Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Advics Co Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. MICO Company Summary
Table 59. MICO Master Cylinder Actuation Product Offerings
Table 60. MICO Master Cylinder Actuation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. MICO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Master Cylinder Actuation Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 63. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 64. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 65. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 66. Master Cylinder Actuation Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 67. Master Cylinder Actuation Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 68. Master Cylinder Actuation Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 69. Master Cylinder Actuation Raw Materials
Table 70. Master Cylinder Actuation Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 71. Typical Master Cylinder Actuation Downstream
Table 72. Master Cylinder Actuation Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 73. Master Cylinder Actuation Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Master Cylinder Actuation Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Master Cylinder Actuation Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Master Cylinder Actuation Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Master Cylinder Actuation Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Master Cylinder Actuation Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Master Cylinder Actuation Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Master Cylinder Actuation by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Master Cylinder Actuation Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels
※参考情報 マスターシリンダー作動は、自動車や機械の hydraulic システムにおいて非常に重要な役割を果たすコンポーネントです。ここでは、マスターシリンダー作動の概念について、定義、特徴、種類、用途、関連技術などを詳しく述べていきます。 マスターシリンダーの定義としては、液体の力を利用して他のコンポーネントに圧力を伝達する装置であるといえます。通常は、自動車のブレーキシステムに用いられることが多く、運転者がブレーキペダルを踏むと、その力がマスターシリンダーに伝わります。この力は内部のブレーキフルードに伝わり、車両の各ホイールのブレーキキャリパーへと伝わります。これによって、車両の速度を低下させることができるのです。 マスターシリンダーの特徴には以下のようなものがあります。まず第一に、マスターシリンダーはコンパクトな構造でありながら、高い圧力を生成することができる点です。このため、少ない力で大きなブレーキ力を発生させることができます。次に、マスターシリンダーは通常、アルミニウムや鋼鉄などの耐腐食性に優れた素材で製造され、耐久性と信頼性を確保しています。さらに、マスターシリンダーは密封性が高く、液体の漏れを防ぐ構造になっているため、運転者が安心して使用できることもポイントです。 マスターシリンダーにはいくつかの種類がありますが、主に二つのタイプに分けられます。一つは、単体式マスターシリンダーです。これは一つのシリンダーでブレーキを制御するもので、多くの小型車に採用されています。もう一つは、デュアルマスターシリンダーです。これは二つのシリンダーを持ち、一方が故障した場合でももう一方が機能するため、より高い安全性を提供します。そのため、乗用車やトラックなどの大型車両で広く使われています。 用途としては、主に自動車のブレーキシステムが挙げられます。ブレーキペダルを踏むことによってマスターシリンダーが作動し、ブレーキフルードが送り出され、ブレーキキャリパーが作動します。この過程を通じて、車両を確実に減速または停止させることが可能となります。 また、マスターシリンダー作動は自動車だけでなく、様々な産業機械や農業機械においても重要な役割を果たします。例えば、フォークリフトや建設機械など、液圧システムを利用した装置においても、マスターシリンダーは使用されます。これにより、機械の作業効率を向上させたり、作業の安全性を高めたりすることができます。 関連技術としては、液圧技術やブレーキシステムの電子制御技術が挙げられます。最近では、電子制御ブレーキ(EBD)や抗ロックブレーキシステム(ABS)など、高度な制御技術が自動車の安全性を向上させています。これにより、マスターシリンダーの役割はさらに重要になり、性能向上が図られています。 さらに、マスターシリンダーの性能は、使用されるブレーキフルードの性質とも密接に関連しています。ブレーキフルードは高温でも安定しており、劣化しにくいものでなければなりません。このため、メーカーはさまざまな種類のブレーキフルードを開発し、使用されています。ブレーキシステムのメンテナンスにおいても、マスターシリンダーやブレーキフルードのチェックは欠かせません。 マスターシリンダー作動に関する最近のトレンドとして、電動マスターシリンダーの開発が進められています。これは、従来の機械的な方式ではなく、電気的な信号で作動するもので、より精密な制御が可能となります。この技術は、将来的には自動運転車や高度な運転支援システムにおいて重要な役割を果たすことでしょう。 以上のように、マスターシリンダー作動は、自動車や機械のさまざまな用途において不可欠な要素です。その構造や機能、関連技術は日々進化しており、今後もさらなる性能向上が期待されます。運転者や作業者の安全を守るために、マスターシリンダーの重要性はますます高まることでしょう。 |
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